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Shellac
Shellac 78s are fragile, and must be handled carefully. In the event of a 78 breaking, the pieces might remain loosely connected by the label and still be playable if the label holds them together, although there is a loud pop with each pass over the crack, and breaking of the stylus is likely.
Breakage was very common in the shellac era. In the 1934
John O'Hara novel,
Appointment in Samarra, the protagonist "broke one of his most favorites,
Whiteman's
Lady of the Evening ... He wanted to cry but could not." A poignant moment in
J. D. Salinger's 1951 novel
The Catcher in the Rye occurs after the adolescent protagonist buys a record for his younger sister but drops it and "it broke into pieces ... I damn-near cried, it made me feel so terrible." A sequence where a school teacher's collection of 78 rpm
jazz records is smashed by a group of rebellious students is a key moment in the film
Blackboard Jungle.
Another problem with shellac was that the size of the disks tended to be larger because it was limited to 80–100 groove walls per inch before the risk of groove collapse became too high, whereas vinyl could have up to 260 groove walls per inch.
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By the time World War II began, major labels were experimenting with laminated records. As stated above, and in several record advertisements of the period, the materials that make for a quiet surface (
shellac) are notoriously weak and fragile. Conversely the materials that make for a strong disc (
cardboard and other fiber products) are not those known for allowing a quiet noise-free surface.
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