The use of extremely low-frequency electromagnetism may prove to be a viable means of nonchemical zebra mussel control (Ryan 1998). With applications of extremely low-frequency electromagnetism (frequencies v < 300 Hz and wavelengths l > 1 x 106 m), the zebra mussel loses its ability to acquire the mineral calcium. If the mineral calcium was unavailable for absorption by zebra mussels, this would result in an inability to grow, develop shells, reproduce, and maintain normal metabolic functions. Low-frequency electromagnetism increases the solubility of calcium carbonate, which affects the zebra mussel's ability to absorb calcium from water, and is also noted to remove calcium from shells and tissues.
Ryan (1998) conducted several experiments with extremely low-frequency electromagnetism. Parameters measured were mussel mortality rates and the effects upon other minerals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The procedures were tested in closed systems, flow-through systems, and nonliving systems and were deemed effective in all three. One hundred-percent mortality was achieved within 15 days in the closed system, with severe levels of stress occurring in the other systems as well.
In the future, extremely low-frequency electromagnetism may well be a viable form of nonchemical control for the zebra mussel. The ELF EM sources are able to be installed on water intake systems and are seen to be a low maintenance form of control.