Dette er etter artikelen hvor Bank og England var de første til å fortelle om hvordan det fungerer i 2014
Det ville vært merkelig om de hadde lånt inn penger i tillegg slik weld77 mener de gjør. It make no sense.
This description of money creation contrasts with the notion that banks can only lend out pre-existing money, outlined in the previous section. Bank deposits are simply a record of how much the bank itself owes its customers. So they are a liability of the bank, not an asset that could be lent out. A related misconception is that banks can lend out their reserves. Reserves can only be lent between banks, since consumers do not have access to reserves accounts at the Bank of England.(2) Other ways of creating and destroying deposits Just as taking out a new loan creates money, the repayment of bank loans destroys money.(3) For example, suppose a consumer has spent money in the supermarket throughout the month by using a credit card. Each purchase made using the Figure 1 Money creation by the aggregate banking sector making additional loans(a) (a) Balance sheets are highly stylised for ease of exposition: the quantities of each type of money shown do not correspond to the quantities actually held on each sector’s balance sheet. (b) Central bank balance sheet only shows base money liabilities and the corresponding assets. In practice the central bank holds other non-money liabilities. Its non-monetary assets are mostly made up of government debt. Although that government debt is actually held by the Bank of England Asset Purchase Facility, so does not appear directly on the balance sheet. (c) Commercial banks’ balance sheets only show money assets and liabilities before any loans are made. (d) Consumers represent the private sector of households and companies. Balance sheet only shows broad money assets and corresponding liabilities — real assets such as the house being transacted are not shown. Consumers’ non-money liabilities include existing secured and unsecured loans. credit card will have increased the outstanding loans on the consumer’s balance sheet and the deposits on the supermarket’s balance sheet (in a similar way to that shown in Figure 1). If the consumer were then to pay their credit card (1) Fountain pen money is discussed in Tobin (1963), who mentions it in the context of making an argument that banks cannot create unlimited amounts of money in practice. (2) Part of the confusion may stem from some economists’ use of the term ‘reserves’ when referring to ‘excess reserves’ — balances held above those required by regulatory reserve requirements. In this context, ‘lending out reserves’ could be a shorthand way of describing the process of increasing lending and deposits until the bank reaches its maximum ratio. As there are no reserve requirements in the United Kingdom the process is less relevant for UK banks. (3) The fall in bank lending in the United Kingdom since 2008 is an important reason why the growth of money in the economy has been so much lower than in the years leading up to the crisis, as discussed in Bridges, Rossiter and Thomas (2011) and Butt et al (2012). Topical articles Money creation in the modern economy 17 bill in full at the end of the month, its bank would reduce the amount of deposits in the consumer’s account by the value of the credit c
